Equivalent-Linear Seismic Ground Response Analysis of Some Typical Sites in Mumbai   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

V. S. Phanikanth  Deepankar Choudhury  G. Rami Reddy 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(6):1109-1126

Any earthquake event is associated with a rupture mechanism at the source, propagation of seismic waves through underlying rock and finally these waves travel through the soil layers to the particular site of interest. The bedrock motion is significantly modified at the ground surface due to the presence of local soil layers above the bedrock beneath the site of interest. The estimation of the amplifications in ground response due to the local soil sites is a complex problem to the designers and the problem is more important for mega cities like Mumbai in India, where huge population may get affected due to devastations of earthquake. In the present study, the effect of local soil sites in modifying ground response is studied by performing one dimensional equivalent-linear ground response analysis for some of the typical Mumbai soil sites. Field borelog data of some typical sites in Mumbai city viz. Mangalwadi site, Walkeswar site, BJ Marg near Pandhari Chawl site are considered in this study. The ground responses are observed for range of input motions and the results are presented in terms of surface acceleration time history, ratio of shear stress to vertical effective stress versus time, acceleration response spectrum, Fourier amplitude ratio versus frequency etc. The typical amplifications of ground accelerations considering four strong ground motions with wide variation of low to high MHA, frequency contents and durations are obtained. Results show that MHA, bracketed duration, frequency content have significant effects on the amplification of seismic accelerations for typical 2001 Bhuj motion. The peak ground acceleration amplification factors are found to be about 2.50 for Mangalwadi site, 2.60 for Walkeswar site and 3.45 for BJ Marg site using 2001 Bhuj input motion. The response spectrum along various soil layers are obtained which will be useful for designers for earthquake resistant design of geotechnical structures in Mumbai for similar sites in the absence of site specific data.  相似文献   

Seismic yield accelerations of MSW landfills by pseudo-dynamic approach   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Deepankar Choudhury  Purnanand Savoikar 《Natural Hazards》2011,56(1):275-297

Estimation of seismic yield acceleration for the municipal solid waste landfills is the basic step for design to mitigate the hazard of earthquake on landfills. For most of the landfills constructed in the seismic zones, influence of the vertical component of seismic acceleration is often neglected assuming that it is not in phase with the horizontal seismic acceleration and hence does not affect the design parameters largely. Conventional pseudo-static analysis using limit equilibrium method does not consider the variation of seismic inertial forces with time and also effect of vertically propagating shear and primary waves, which can have serious effect on the design values. To overcome the limitations of existing methodology, in the present study, pseudo-dynamic approach, which takes into account the effects of time, primary and secondary waves, frequency of excitation, is applied for the first time for dynamic analysis of landfills for three different typical practical geometries of landfills. Chosen sets of landfills resemble some of the existing landfill geometries. Design equations and charts are developed for factor of safety against base sliding and seismic yield acceleration for these three typical landfill geometries. The results are compared with the similar results obtained by using conventional pseudo-static analysis, and the influence of vertical seismic acceleration on factor of safety against base sliding and yield acceleration is reported.  相似文献   

A review of strong motion studies in Gujarat State of western India     

Pallabee Choudhury  Sumer Chopra  Ketan Singha Roy  B. K. Rastogi 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(3):1241-1257

The present work reviews the strong motion studies done in Gujarat State of western India. Prior to the 2001 Bhuj earthquake, no strong motion instrument was in operation in Gujarat. After the earthquake, number of research institutes/universities from India and abroad deployed strong motion instruments to study aftershock activity, source dynamics, path and site effects. The strong motion recordings have enhanced the general understanding of the physics of earthquakes in the region. An attempt has been made to develop attenuation relationship for the Gujarat region from the actual ground motions recorded by the strong motion networks. The Government of Gujarat with the help from Asian Development Bank, World Bank (WB), Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, has established a permanent dense network of strong motion accelerograph (SMA) all over Gujarat. In addition, the Institute of Seismological Research has been established in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, with the help of WB for carrying out seismological research. Recently, many important studies have been carried out using actual acceleration data obtained from a dense network of 54 SMA, as well as synthetic data generated using region-specific ground motion parameters. The recorded data are used to obtain region-specific ground motion parameters and ground motion prediction equation. A deterministic hazard analysis for the entire state of Gujarat has been carried out using site-specific ground motion parameters. The estimated peak ground acceleration and modified Mercalli intensity values have been used to estimate the vulnerability of the different types of buildings in 31 cities of Gujarat. As Gujarat has three distinct regions having varied geological conditions, the recorded strong motion data gave an opportunity to study the effect of geological and local-site conditions on the response spectra. This study for an intra-plate region like Gujarat is a pioneer work. Still, lots of research work need to be carried out as more and more data are available, such as development of more robust ground motion prediction equations and a 3D-velocity structure of Gujarat. Generation of shake maps in real time and a credible early earthquake warning system is need of the hour for disaster mitigation and management.  相似文献   

Semi-analytic approach to understanding the distribution of neutral hydrogen in the Universe     

T. Roy Choudhury  T. Padmanabhan  R. Srianand 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,322(3):561-575

Analytic derivations of the correlation function and the column density distribution for neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) are presented, assuming that the non-linear baryonic mass density distribution in the IGM is lognormal. This ansatz was used earlier by Bi & Davidsen to perform one-dimensional simulations of lines of sight and analyse the properties of absorption systems. We have taken a completely analytic approach, which allows us to explore a wide region of the parameter space for our model. The analytic results have been compared with observations to constrain various cosmological and IGM parameters, whenever possible. Two kinds of correlation functions are defined: (i) along the line of sight (LOS); and (ii) across the transverse direction. We find that the effects on the LOS correlation owing to changes in cosmology and the slope of the equation of state of the IGM, γ , are of the same order, which means that we cannot constrain both the parameters simultaneously. However, it is possible to constrain γ and its evolution using the observed LOS correlation function at different epochs provided that one knows the background cosmology. We suggest that the constraints on the evolution of γ obtained using the LOS correlation can be used as an independent tool to probe the reionization history of the Universe. From the transverse correlation function, we obtain the excess probability, over random, of finding two neutral hydrogen overdense regions separated by an angle θ . We find that this excess probability is always less than 1 per cent for redshifts greater than 2. Our models also reproduce the observed column density distribution for neutral hydrogen, and the shape of the distribution depends on γ . Our calculations suggest that one can rule out γ >1.6 for z ≃2.31 using the column density distribution. However, one cannot rule out higher values of γ at higher redshifts.  相似文献   

GPS measurement of land subsidence in Gandhinagar,Gujarat (Western India), due to groundwater depletion     

Pallabee Choudhury  Kalpna Gahalaut  Rakesh Dumka  V. K. Gahalaut  Abhay Kumar Singh  Sanjay Kumar 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(22):770

A continuous GPS measurement site, ISRR, at Gandhinagar (Western India), documented ~?5 mm/year of surface subsidence rate during 2009–2016. Preliminary modelling using an analytical solution indicates that the observed surface subsidence rate at the ISRR site is consistent with the ground water depletion reported from Gandhinagar. An assessment of data from GPS sites at Lucknow and Varanasi in the Indo-Gangetic plains in Northern India does not indicate any significant subsidence at these sites which is also consistent with the in situ observations of insignificant depletion of ground water in the region.  相似文献   

A very extended reionization epoch?     

A. Melchiorri  T. Roy Choudhury  P. Serra  A. Ferrara 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,364(3):873-878

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Seismicity and reservoir induced crustal motion study around the Tehri Dam, India     

Swapnamita Choudhury  Param K. Gautam  Ajay Paul 《Acta Geophysica》2013,61(4):923-934

The Tehri Dam is located in a seismotectonically active region in the Indian Himalayan belt. This 260.5 m high dam has a live water storage of 2615 × 10⁶ m³ and is capable of generating crustal deformation corresponding to water fluctuation. Filling of the reservoir started in October 2005. Seismic data around the dam between 2000 and 2010 shows that seismicity is corresponding to drawdown levels of the reservoir rather than to higher water levels. GPS data at twelve local benchmarks were collected from 2006 to 2008 during filling and drawdown reservoir levels. The velocity vectors show ground motion to be between ～0.69–1.50 mm in the different filling-drawdown cycles with reference to the permanent station at Ghuttu. The motion appears to be inwards into the reservoir when the reservoir is filled and outwards when the reservoir is drained. This ground motion corresponds to elastic deformation and rebound due to effect of the oscillating water levels.  相似文献   

Behaviour ofP phase spectrum in relation to magnitude calculation     

M. A. Choudhury 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1973,103(1):397-404

Summary P phase spectra within 0.1 and 1 Hz of 15 earthquakes of magnitude lying between 5.2 and 6.4 and having normal depths are examined. The spectra show a maximum around 0.5 Hz for all events. This is the principal maximum for smaller shocks. Error in magnitude calculation usingP phase amplitude of frequencies higher than about 0.5 Hz arise fromQ-type losses while that in lower frequencies from differences in source function.Institut de Physique du Globe, Université Paris VI. Contribution no. 48The main results of this paper were presented by the author at the General Assembly meeting of the European Seismological Commission, Luxembourg, September 1970 under the title variation de la magnitude en fonction de la période (1–10s) des ondesP.  相似文献   

A comparative analysis of satellite-observed visible reflectance and 37 GHz polarization difference to assess land surface change over the Sahel zone, 1982–1986     

B. J. Choudhury 《Climatic change》1990,17(2-3):193-208

Applicability of visible reflectance to monitor land surface change particularly for arid and semi-arid regions has been studied fairly extensively. Visible reflectance over the Sahel zone from January 1982 to December 1986 has been derived from observations by the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) on board the NOAA-7 and NOAA-9 satellites and compared against concurrent observations of 37 GHz polarization difference by the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) on board the Nimbus-7 satellite. Analysis of radiative transfer models suggested a high correlation to exist between these two sets of observations, and the observed spatial and temporal patterns of these data sets did show an overall high correlation. Land surface change resulting from the 1984 drought affected both of these data sets, but not in identical fashion. The present study suggests that potentially new information about physical and biophysical characteristics of the surface could be obtained by synergistic use of these two data sets.  相似文献   

Large are variability in climate-based soil moisture estimates and implications for remote sensing     

Manfred Owe Dr.  Bhaskar J. Choudhury Dr.  James P. Ormsby Dr. 《GeoJournal》1989,19(2):177-183

Although the basic physical relationships between various remotely sensed signatures and soil are sound, the representativeness of pixel-averaged wetness used to interpret the remotely sensed data is often suspect and at times even doubtful. To study the affect of local variation in soil moisture on the large-area average, mean areal precipitation, temperature and modelled soil moisture in 1/4° grid cells were analyzed for a 700 km by 400 km region in the US Southern Great Plains. Variability in five years of mean daily grid cell data was investigated for 150 km² study sites, approximately corresponding in size to a satellite microwave pixel. The number of wetted grid cells and the magnitude of precipitation in grid cells within a site were highly variable. The variability of each of these factors is critical, and will not only influence mean site wetness, but also how the area will be seen from space. Analysis indicated that similar mean site precipitation values may result from numerous widely differing combinations of precipitation magnitude and watted gric cell population. Consequently, mean site moisture is also highly variable in the distribution and magnitude of the individual cell moisture values. Extreme values in several grid cells may severely bias the quadrant mean, while influencing a remote measurement much less. Although large-scale surface wetness may eventually be reliably inferred from satellite measurements, a degree of uncertainty will always exist, especially in semi-arid areas. One may be required to associate mean soil moisture with an expected distribution of wetness within a pixel.  相似文献